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Maya Deren (April 29, 1917 – October 13, 1961), born Eleanora Derenkowskaia (), was one of the most important American experimental filmmakers and entrepreneurial promoters of the avant-garde in the 1940s and 1950s. Deren was also a choreographer, dancer, film theorist, poet, lecturer, writer and photographer. The function of film, Deren believed, like most art forms, was to create an experience; each one of her films would evoke new conclusions, lending her focus to be dynamic and always-evolving.〔 She combined her interests in dance, Haitian Vodou and subjective psychology in a series of surreal, perceptual, black and white short films. Using editing, multiple exposures, jump cutting, superimposition, slow-motion and other camera techniques to her fullest advantage, Deren creates continued motion through discontinued space, while abandoning the established notions of physical space and time, with the ability to turn her vision into a stream of consciousness. Perhaps one of the most influential experimental films in American cinema was her collaboration with Alexander Hammid on ''Meshes of the Afternoon'' (1943). She continued to make several more films of her own, including ''At Land'' (1944), ''A Study in Choreography for Camera'' (1945), and ''Ritual in Transfigured Time'' (1946) – writing, producing, directing, editing, and photographing them with help from only one other person, Hella Heyman, as camerawoman. She also appeared in a few of her films but never credited herself as an actress, downplaying her roles as anonymous figures rather than iconic deities. ==Early life== Deren was born in Kiev, Ukraine (then Russian Republic), into a Jewish family, to psychologist Solomon Derenkowsky and Marie Fiedler, who supposedly named her after Italian actress Eleonora Duse. In 1922, the family fled the country because of anti-Semitic pogroms and moved to Syracuse, New York. Her father shortened the family name to "Deren" shortly after they arrived in New York.〔Maya ''Deren and the American Avant-Garde: Includes the complete text of An Anagram of Ideas on Art, Form, and Film'', edited by Bill Nichols, University of California Press, Berkeley, 2001, pages 3-10, 268.〕 He became the staff psychiatrist at the State Institute for the Feeble-Minded in Syracuse. In 1928, she became a naturalized citizen of the United States. Her mother moved to Paris, France to be with her daughter while she attended the League of Nations International School of Geneva in Switzerland from 1930 to 1933. Deren began college at Syracuse University, where she studied journalism and also became active in the Trotskyist Young People's Socialist League. Through the YPSL she met Gregory Bardacke, whom she married at the age of 18. After his graduation in 1935, she moved to New York City. She and her husband became active in various socialist causes in New York City. She graduated from New York University with a bachelor's degree in literature〔 and separated from Bardacke. The divorce was finalized in 1939. She attended the New School for Social Research and received a master's degree in English literature at Smith College. Her master's thesis was titled ''The Influence of the French Symbolist School on Anglo-American Poetry'' (1939). 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Maya Deren」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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